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NAJM AL-DIN ÊÀUKABI BUKHARI AND THE MAQAM THEORY IN THE 16TH TO 18TH CENTURIES

Author:                   City : Tashkent   Country : Uzbekistan
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Sam Mirza MS ¹ 57. Tuhfe-yi Sami. Biruni Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan. Tashkent

Shestakov, V. P. Ed. 1967 Muzykalnàóà Estetika Stran Vostoka. Moscow: Muzyka.

Slobin, Mark 1976 Music in the Culture of Northern Afghanistan. Viking Fund Publications in Anthropology, No. 54. Tucson: The University îf Arizona Press.

Vasifi. Zain al-Din 1961 Badai a1Vaqai. Critical text by Alexander N. Boldirev. Vol. 1. Moscow: Nauka.

___________ 1 The St. Petersburg manuscript has an alternate nàmå Maqamat a-Alllye (the High Maqam-s).

2 In 1985 Tajik researcher Askarali Rajabov published a facsimile îf the Tashkent manuscript (Kaukabi Bukhari MS468/IV, its transliteration in Cyrillic, and the study in Tajik (Rajabov 1985).

3 Òhå åóåwitness historian. Zain al-Din Vasifi (born l485) describes à large caravan of refugees that left the “Vilayat-i-Khorasan for the state îf Maverannahr" in the April 1512 (Vasifi l961:19-23). This caravan numbered about five hundred people. and many of them were celebrated court musicians.

Abd al-Qadir had several disciples, including his sons, who later moved to Turkey. One of his disciples was Khoja Yusuf Burhan.

4Rashidova mentions another teacher of Kaukabi. Abd al-Rahman Jami (d. 1492) (Rashidova 1972:368). She bases her opinion on the treatise on music by Darvish Ali Changi (second half of the 16th — 1620s). However, after comparing the treatises of Jami and Êaukabi, she has doubts about this fact. In my opinion, Darvish Alis text does not support the conclusion that Jami was à teacher of Kaukabi, as in his treatise there are nî such terms as shagird, ustad, or any mention of music. (Cf. Darvish Ali Changi Ms No. D403: f. 129à. MS No. 449: 1. 71a).

6 I found an additional information in the Tashkent and St. Petersburg copies of à little-known source in Persian The Treatise on Musical Science" (Risala fi ilm al-musiqi, MS ¹ 8739/III: f. 104a: Risala dar bayyan-i ilm-i musiqi. MS ¹ I32257: f. 272b). An anonymous author of this work, perhaps à contemporary of Kaukabi in the l6th century writes about his teacher: Darvish Fathl Allah Nayi, who was à disciple of Khoja Yusuf Burhan al-Din, who was, in turn, according to the Petersburg manuscript. à son of Shaikh al- Islam Ahmad-i Jam. The information seems to be not credible since the famous Sufi poet Ahmad-i Jam lived in the 12th century. Thus the Navai version remains more probable.

7And this musician comes to the conclusion that Kaukabi was in his time the same Khoja Abd al-Qadir was" (Darvish Àli Changi MS No. D403: f. l29a: Ms No. 449: f. 71à).

8The fact about Kaukabis Bukharan origin is mentioned in the luxurious manuscript in the St. Petersburg University Library, àand it dated tî the first half of l6th century.

9 It is necessary to point out that the texts of Kaukabis kulliyat and other poems have various versions in different manuscripts. and the preliminary critical compilation îòthem is very important.


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